ClimAdaPT.Local: A Portuguese case of municipal adaptation (2024)

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Climate Change Adaptation Strategies at a Local Scale: The Portuguese Case Study

José Carlos Ferreira

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Coastal areas are home to more than 2 billion people around the globe and, as such, are especially vulnerable to climate change consequences. Climate change adaptation has proven to be more effective on a local scale, contributing to a bottom-up approach to the problems related to the changing climate. Portugal has approximately 2000 km of coastline, with 75% of the population living along the coast. Therefore, this research had the main objective of understanding adaptation processes at a local scale, using Portuguese coastal municipalities as a case study. To achieve this goal, document analysis and a questionnaire to coastal municipalities were applied, and the existence of measures rooted in nature-based solutions, green infrastructures, and community-based adaptation was adopted as a variable. The main conclusion from this research is that 87% of the municipalities that answered the questionnaire have climate change adaptation strategies implemented or in development. Moreover,...

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Understanding climate change policy and action in Portuguese municipalities: A survey

João Guerra

Land Use Policy 62, 2017

Robust strategies and action-plans are essential in tackling climate change. Given the local and context specific nature of climate impacts, the involvement of municipalities is key for effective mitigation and adaptation solutions. Due to its vulnerability and low level of adaptive capacity, Portugal offers insights into adaptation research and practice in Europe. This article hypothesizes that National and European climate change adaptation strategies are not effectively involving municipalities and are thus losing out on the opportunity to take stock of local responses for climate change mitigation and adaptation. To address this issue, a survey by questionnaire was done to Portuguese municipalities, and data was collected regarding the following: the importance attributed to climate change; the mitigation and adaptation measures planned and implemented; the main drivers, concerns, and triggers promoting climate policy and actions; and access to information and knowledge. 109 valid responses were collected across the country from a universe of 308 municipalities. Results show climate change in planning agendas is still ‘little’ or ‘not important’. There is also a clear difference in the drivers and concerns motivating climate policy, and action between Littoral and Inland regions. Overall, there is a greater focus on mitigation than adaptation. The discussion highlights the need for capacity building, the issue of equity, the role of European networks, and the relevance of cultural differences between Littoral and Inland regions. The conclusion distils the main lessons learned concerning these challenges and needs, the role of transnational networks, and the cultural contexts for building resilience, through adaptation, across Europe.

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Implementing adaptation to climate change at the local level

Halvor Dannevig

Adaptation to climate change has to various degrees been added to the political agenda in all industrialized countries. In most of these countries adaptation measures are yet to be implemented in legislation and are therefore in practice voluntary undertakings. At the local level of government, this means that adaptation has to compete with other non-mandatory issues. This raises the question to what degree adaptation can and will be implemented. This article examines how implementation of climate adaptation measures has proceeded in eight Norwegian municipalities. These municipalities were among the first movers on adaptation to climate change in Norway. In order to measure the degree of implementation a set of indicators has been developed and the eight case municipalities are analyzed according to these indicators. We find that seven out of eight municipalities have implemented or have specific plans to implement adaptation measures. These findings show that municipalities are able to implement adaptation policies that are not initiated at the central level, but that it is contingent upon a number of factors: the efforts of individuals within the municipal organization, municipal size, and the use of external expertise.

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The dynamics of implementing climate change adaptation at the local municipal level

Ngoako Mokoele

EUREKA: Social and Humanities

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the dynamics of implementing climate change objectives within the South African local government. Climate change has been intensifying over the years and cities are recognised to be vulnerable. The promulgation of various acts and plans, such as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), Spatial Planning and Land Use and Management Act (SPLUMA), National Urban Development Framework and Integrated Development Plan (IDP), is to ensure environmental protection inclusive of climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, the multiplicity of challenges, such as budgetary constraints, lack of political will, capacitated personnel, coupled with service delivery backlogs, deter the commitment by the municipality to implement measures to adapt and mitigate climate change. The persistence of climate change effects around the city has reduced the resilience of South African cities. The resilient theory asserts that cities must have the a...

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Adaptation to Climate Change Across Local Policies: An Investigation in Six Italian Cities

Donatella Spano

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Climate change is a concerning phenomenon worldwide. The reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is the core of the mitigation strategies that are effective countermeasures to address a changing climate in the long term. Nevertheless, the need for short-term solutions regarding adaptation to climate change (ACC) has gained growing interest in the scientific community and in European institutions. European and national ACC principles are being integrated in strategies and plans. In Italy, some regions have adopted ACC principles in strategic plans, which influence the whole local planning system and persuade local communities to become more climate-resilient. This study focuses on the mainstreaming of ACC into strategies, plans, programs, and projects (SPPPs) adopted by the following Italian cities: Bologna, Milan, Naples, Rome, Turin, and Venice. We scrutinize the contents of SPPPs with respect to four criteria: (i) references to strategies or plans for ACC; (ii) inclusion of ACC obje...

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Adapting to Climate Change: The Challenge Ahead for Local Government

Stephen Flood

Climate change is already being experienced globally, and its impacts are expected to become more prominent. Ireland is now on average 0.7°C warmer than a century ago and six of the ten warmest years have occurred since 1995. Overall, Ireland can expect more seasonal rainfall, with wetter winters and drier summers on average (Sweeney et al. 2007). Adaptation actions are taken to cope with a changing climate in the present or, importantly, to anticipate such changes in the future and plan accordingly. However, even if emissions of greenhouse gases stop today, these changes would continue for many decades. For this reason, actions to adapt to climate change in Ireland must be combined with greenhouse gas mitigation measures. In local communities, the impact of climate change will be clearly felt and many of the consequences of climate change will be addressed by local authorities. The aim of this paper is to examine the implementation of adaptation policies in Ireland at both national...

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Local Green Governance: integrating sustainability into Public Policy in light of climate changes

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ClimAdaPT.Local: A Portuguese case of municipal adaptation (2024)
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